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Elvis 1.4 COLON MODE COMMANDS Page 3-1 E3. COLON MODE COMMANDSF -1lines command arguments -0 [line] -1a-0ppend -1ar-0gs [files] -1cc-0 [files] -1cd-0 [directory] [line][,line] -1c-0hange -1chd-0ir [directory] [line][,line] -1co-0py line [line][,line] -1d-0elete ["x] -1di-0graph[!] [XX [Y]] -1e-0dit[!] [file] -1er-0rlist[!] [errlist] -1e-0x[!] [file] -1f-0ile [file] [line][,line] -1g-0lobal /regexp/ command [line] -1i-0nsert [line][,line] -1j-0oin [line][,line] -1l-0ist -1mak-0e [target] -1ma-0p[!] key mapped_to [line] mar-1k-0 x -1mk-0exrc [line][,line] -1m-0ove line -1n-0ext[!] [files] -1N-0ext[!] [line][,line] -1nu-0mber -1pre-0vious[!] [line][,line] -1p-0rint [line] -1pu-0t ["x] -1q-0uit[!] [line] -1r-0ead file -1rew-0ind[!] -1se-0t [options] -1so-0urce file [line][,line] -1s-0ubstitute /regexp/replacement/[p][g][c] -1ta-0g[!] tagname [line][,line] -1t-0o line -1u-0ndo -1unm-0ap[!] key -1ve-0rsion [line][,line] -1v-0global /regexp/ command -1vi-0sual -1wq-0 [line][,line] -1w-0rite[!] [[>>]file] -1x-0it[!] [line][,line] -1y-0ank ["x] [line][,line] -1!-0 command [line][,line] -1<-0 [line][,line] -1=-0 [line][,line] -1>-0 [line][,line] -1&-0 -1@-0 "x Elvis 1.4 COLON MODE COMMANDS Page 3-2 To use colon mode commands, you must switch from visual command mode to colon command mode. The visual mode commands to do this are ":" for a single colon command, or "Q" for many colon mode commands. E3.1 Line SpecifiersF Line specifiers are always optional. The first line specifier of most commands usually defaults to the current line. The second line specifier usually defaults to be the same as the first line specifier. Exceptions are :write, :global, and :vglobal, which act on all lines of the file by default, and :!, which acts on no lines by default. Line specifiers consist of an absolute part and a relative part. The absolute part of a line specifier may be either an explicit line number, a mark, a dot to denote the current line, a dollar sign to denote the last line of the file, or a forward or backward search. An explicit line number is simply a decimal number, expressed as a string of digits. A mark is typed in as an apostrophe followed by a letter. Marks must be set before they can be used. You can set a mark in visual command mode by typing "m" and a letter, or you can set it in colon command mode via the "mark" command. A forward search is typed in as a regular expression surrounded by slash characters; searching begins at the default line. A backward search is typed in as a regular expression surrounded by question marks; searching begins at the line before the default line. If you omit the absolute part, then the default line is used. The relative part of a line specifier is typed as a "+" or "-" character followed by a decimal number. The number is added to or subtracted from the absolute part of the line specifier to produce the final line number. As a special case, the % character may be used to specify all lines of the file. It is roughly equivelent to saying 1,$. This can be a handy shortcut. Some examples: :p print the current line :37p print line 37 :'gp print the line which contains mark g :/foo/p print the next line that contains "foo" :$p print the last line of the file :20,30p print lines 20 through 30 :1,$p print all lines of the file :%p print all lines of the file :/foo/-2,+4p print 5 lines around the next "foo" Elvis 1.4 COLON MODE COMMANDS Page 3-3 E3.2 Text Entry CommandsF [line] append [line][,line] change ["x] [line] insert The -1a-0ppend command inserts text after the specified line. The -1i-0nsert command inserts text before the specified line. The -1c-0hange command copies the range of lines into a cut buffer, deletes them, and inserts new text where the old text used to be. For all of these commands, you indicate the end of the text you're inserting by hitting ^D or by entering a line which contains only a period. E3.3 Cut & Paste CommandsF [line][,line] delete ["x] [line][,line] yank ["x] [line] put ["x] [line][,line] copy line [line][,line] to line [line][,line] move line The -1d-0elete command copies the specified range of lines into a cut buffer, and then deletes them. The -1y-0ank command copies the specified range of lines into a cut buffer, but does *not* delete them. The -1pu-0t command inserts text from a cut buffer after the specified line. The -1co-0py and -1t-0o commands yank the specified range of lines and then immediately paste them after some other line. The -1m-0ove command deletes the specified range of lines and then immediately pastes them after some other line. If the destination line comes after the deleted text, then it will be adjusted automatically to account for the deleted lines. E3.4 Display Text CommandsF [line][,line] print [line][,line] list [line][,line] number The -1p-0rint command displays the specified range of lines. The -1nu-0mber command displays the lines, with line numbers. Elvis 1.4 COLON MODE COMMANDS Page 3-4 The -1l-0ist command also displays them, but it is careful to make control characters visible. E3.5 Global Operations CommandsF [line][,line] global /regexp/ command [line][,line] vglobal /regexp/ command The -1g-0lobal command searches through the lines of the specified range (or through the whole file if no range is specified) for lines that contain a given regular expression. It then moves the cursor to each of these lines and runs some other command on them. The -1v-0global command is similar, but it searches for lines that -1don't-0 contain the regular expression. E3.6 Line Editing CommandsF [line][,line] join [line][,line] ! program [line][,line] < [line][,line] > [line][,line] substitute /regexp/replacement/[p][g][c] [line][,line] & The -1j-0oin command catenates all lines in the specified range together to form one big line. If only a single line is specified, then the following line is catenated onto it. The -1!-0 command runs an external filter program, and feeds the specified range of lines to it's stdin. The lines are then replaced by the output of the filter. A typical example would be ":'a,'z!sort" to sort the lines 'a,'z. The -1<-0 and -1>-0 commands shift the specified range of lines left or right, normally by the width of 1 tab character. The "shiftwidth" option determines the shifting amount. The -1s-0ubstitute command finds the regular expression in each line, and replaces it with the replacement text. The "p" option causes the altered lines to be printed. The "g" option permits all instances of the regular expression to be found & replaced. (Without "g", only the first occurrence in each line is replaced.) The "c" option asks for confirmation before each substitution. The -1&-0 command repeats the previous substitution command. Actually, "&" is equivelent to "s//~/" with the same options as last time. It searches for the last regular expression that you specified for any purpose, and replaces it with the the same text that was used in the previous substitution. Elvis 1.4 COLON MODE COMMANDS Page 3-5 E3.7 Undo CommandF undo The -1u-0ndo command restores the file to the state it was in before your most recent command which changed text. E3.8 Configuration & Status CommandsF map[!] [key mapped_to] unmap[!] key abbr [word expanded_form_of_word] unabbr word digraph[!] [XX [Y]] set [options] mkexrc [line] mark "x visual version [line][,line] = file [file] source file @ "x The -1ma-0p command allows you to configure Elvis to recognize your function keys, and treat them as though they transmitted some other sequence of characters. Normally this mapping is done only when in the visual command mode, but with the [!] present it will map keys under all contexts. When this command is given with no arguments, it prints a table showing all mappings currently in effect. When called with two arguments, the first is the sequence that your function key really sends, and the second is the sequence that you want Elvis to treat it as having sent. The -1unm-0ap command removes key definitions that were made via the map command. The -1ab-0br command is used to define/list a table of abbreviations. The table contains both the abbreviated form and the fully spelled-out form. When you're in visual input mode, and you type in the abbreviated form, Elvis will replace the abbreviated form with the fully spelled-out form. When this command is called without arguments, it lists the table; with two or more arguments, the first argument is taken as the abbreviated form, and the rest of the command line is the fully-spelled out form. The -1una-0bbr command deletes entries from the abbr table. The -1di-0graph command allows you to display the set of digraphs that Elvis is using, or add/remove a digraph. To list the set of digraphs, use the digraph command with no arguments. To add a digraph, you should give the digraph command two arguments. The first argument is the two ASCII characters that are to be combined; the second is the non-ASCII character that they represent. The non-ASCII character's most significant bit is automatically set by the digraph command, unless to append a ! to the command name. Elvis 1.4 COLON MODE COMMANDS Page 3-6 Removal of a digraph is similar to adding a digraph, except that you should leave off the second argument. The -1se-0t command allows you examine or set various options. With no arguments, it displays the values of options that have been changed. With the single argument "all" it displays the values of all options, regardless of whether they've been explicitly set or not. Otherwise, the arguments are treated as options to be set. The -1mk-0exrc command saves the current configuration to a file called ".exrc" in the current directory. The mar-1k-0 command defines a named mark to refer to a specific place in the file. This mark may be used later to specify lines for other commands. The -1vi-0sual command puts the editor into visual mode. Instead of emulating ex, Elvis will start emulating vi. The -1ve-0rsion command tells you that what version of Elvis this is. The -1=-0 command tells you what line you specified, or, if you specified a range of lines, it will tell you both endpoints and the number of lines included in the range. The -1f-0ile command tells you the name of the file, whether it has been modified, the number of lines in the file, and the current line number. You can also use it to change the name of the current file. The -1so-0urce command reads a sequence of colon mode commands from a file, and interprets them. The -1@-0 command executes the contents of a cut-buffer as EX commands. E3.9 Multiple File CommandsF args [files] next[!] [files] Next[!] previous[!] rewind[!] When you invoke Elvis from your shell's command line, any filenames that you give to Elvis as arguments are stored in the args list. The -1ar-0gs command will display this list, or define a new one. The -1n-0ext command switches from the current file to the next one in the args list. You may specify a new args list here, too. The -1N-0ext and -1pre-0vious commands (they're really aliases for the same command) switch from the current file to the preceding file in the args list. Elvis 1.4 COLON MODE COMMANDS Page 3-7 The -1rew-0ind command switches from the current file to the first file in the args list. E3.10 Switching FilesF edit[!] [file] tag[!] tagname The -1e-0dit command allows to switch from the current file to some other file. This has nothing to do with the args list, by the way. The -1ta-0g command looks up a given tagname in a file called "tags". This tells it which file the tag is in, and how to find it in that file. Elvis then switches to the tag's file and finds the tag. E3.11 Working with a CompilerF cc [files] make [target] errlist[!] [errlist] The -1cc-0 and -1mak-0e commands execute your compiler or "make" utility and redirect any error messages into a file called "errlist". By default, cc is run on the current file. (You should write it before running cc.) The contents of the "errlist" file are then scanned for error messages. If an error message is found, then the cursor is moved to the line where the error was detected, and the description of the error is displayed on the status line. After you've fixed one error, the -1er-0rlist command will move the cursor to the next error. In visual command mode, hitting `*' will do this, too. You can also create an "errlist" file from outside of Elvis, and use "elvis -m" to start elvis and have the cursor moved to the first error. Note that you don't need to supply a filename with "elvis -m" because the error messages always say which source file an error is in. Note: When you use errlist repeatedly to fix several errors in a single file, it will attempt to adjust the reported line numbers to allow for lines that you have inserted or deleted. These adjustments are made with the assumption that you will work though the file from the beginning to the end. E3.12 Exit CommandsF quit[!] wq xit Elvis 1.4 COLON MODE COMMANDS Page 3-8 The -1q-0uit command exits from the editor without saving your file. The -1wq-0 command writes your file out, then then exits. The -1x-0it command is similar to the -1wq-0 command, except that -1x-0it won't bother to write your file if you haven't modified it. E3.13 File I/O CommandsF [line] read file [line][,line] write[!] [[>>]file] The -1r-0ead command gets text from another file and inserts it after the specified line. It can also read the output of a program; simply precede the program name by a '!' and use it in place of the file name. The -1w-0rite command writes the whole file, or just part of it, to some other file. The !, if present, will permit the lines to be written even if you've set the readonly option. If you precede the filename by >> then the lines will be appended to the file. E3.14 Directory CommandsF cd [directory] chdir [directory] shell The -1cd-0 and -1chd-0ir commands (really two names for one command) switch the current working directory. The -1sh-0ell command starts an interactive shell. E3.15 Debugging CommandsF [line][,line] debug[!] validate[!] These commands are only available if you compile Elvis with the -DDEBUG flag. The de-1b-0ug command lists statistics for the blocks which contain the specified range of lines. If the ! is present, then the contents of those blocks is displayed, too. The -1va-0lidate command checks certain variables for internal consistency. Normally it doesn't output anything unless it detects a problem. With the !, though, it will always produce *some* output.
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