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Updated: 2026-04-19 00:15
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <TITLE></TITLE> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="OpenOffice 4.1.2 (Win32)"> <META NAME="AUTHOR" CONTENT="Georg Potthast"> <META NAME="CREATED" CONTENT="20170105;19172240"> <META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Georg Potthast"> <META NAME="CHANGED" CONTENT="20170326;17551825"> <STYLE TYPE="text/css"> <!-- @page { margin: 2cm } TD P { margin-bottom: 0cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } A:link { so-language: zxx } --> </STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY LANG="de-DE" DIR="LTR"> <TABLE WIDTH=718 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=0 STYLE="page-break-before: always"> <COL WIDTH=710> <TR> <TD WIDTH=710 VALIGN=TOP> <P><BR> </P> <CENTER> <TABLE WIDTH=643 BORDER=1 BORDERCOLOR="#000000" CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=0> <COL WIDTH=273> <COL WIDTH=352> <TR> <TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=633 VALIGN=TOP> <P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=5><B>ELKS One Page Manual</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 15pt"><B>File Commands</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352></TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ls</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>directory listing</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ls -al</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>formatted listing with hidden files</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>cd dir</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>change directory to dir</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>cd</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>change to home</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>pwd</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>show current directory</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mkdir dir</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>create a directory dir</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>rm file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>delete file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>rm -r dir</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>delete directory dir</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>rm -f file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>force remove file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>rm -rf dir</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>force remove directory dir*</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>cp file1 file2</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>copy file1 to file2</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>cp -r dir1 dir2</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn't exist</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mv file1 file2</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>rename or move file1 to file2; if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ln -s file link</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>create symbolic link named </FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>link</I></FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>to file </FONT></FONT></FONT> </P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>touch file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>create or update file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>cat > file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>places standard input into file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>more file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>output the contents of file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>head file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>output the first 10 lines of file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tail file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>output the last 10 lines of file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tail -f file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 15pt"><B>Process Management</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352></TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ps</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>display your currently active processes</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>kill pid</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>kill process id pid (add a & for ELKS)</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 15pt"><B>File Permissions</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352></TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>chmod octal file</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>change the permissions of file to octal, which can be found separately for user, group, and world by adding: 4 – read (r), 2 – write (w),</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1 – execute (x)</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Examples:</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352></TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>chmod 777</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>read, write, execute (rwx) for all</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>chmod 755</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>rwx for owner, rx for group and world</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>chmod 666</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>read and write for all</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>chmod 644</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>read+write for owner, read for group+world</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 15pt"><B>Searching</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352></TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>grep pattern files</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>search for pattern in files</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>grep -r pattern dir</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>search recursively for pattern in dir</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>command | grep pattern</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>search for pattern in the output of command</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 15pt"><B>Compression</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352></TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tar cf file.tar files</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>create a tar named file.tar containing files</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tar xf file.tar</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>extract the files from file.tar</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tar czf file.tar.gz files</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>create a tar with gzip compression</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tar xzf file.tar.gz</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>extract a tar using gzip</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tar cjf file.tar.bz2</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>create a tar with bzip2 compression</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tar xjf file.tar.bz2</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>extract a tar using bzip2</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>zat > file </B></FONT></FONT> </P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>extract a zip archive to stdout; redirect to file here</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>compress, uncompress</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>compress and expand data</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 15pt"><B>Editors</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352></TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>vi</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Visual Editor - switch to command mode: „Q“ <BR>quit without saving :q!</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>elvis</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>vi/ex clone editor</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>e3-16</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>full-screen text editor with WordStar interface</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ed</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>editor for use in shell scripts</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 15pt"><B>Misc</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352></TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>yacc</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Parser generator, executes yacc grammar file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mcopy, mdir, mdel, mren, mtype, mwrite, mrd, mmd</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Mtools: each program attempts to emulate the MS-DOS equivalent command </FONT></FONT> </P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=273> <P><FONT FACE="monospace"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mkdfs</B></FONT></FONT></P> </TD> <TD WIDTH=352> <P><FONT FACE="sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>make DOS file system</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif">26</FONT><SUP><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif">th</FONT></SUP><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"> of March 2017 Georg Potthast</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><BR><BR> </P> </BODY> </HTML>
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